Combining Texts

All the ideas for 'fragments/reports', 'fragments/reports' and 'works'

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20 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 3. Philosophy Defined
2666 Carneades' pinnacles of philosophy are the basis of knowledge (the criterion of truth) and the end of appetite (good) [Carneades, by Cicero]
3. Truth / B. Truthmakers / 10. Making Future Truths
21390 Future events are true if one day we will say 'this event is happening now' [Carneades]
21672 We say future things are true that will possess actuality at some following time [Carneades, by Cicero]
4. Formal Logic / G. Formal Mereology / 1. Mereology
10397 Abelard's mereology involves privileged and natural divisions, and principal parts [Abelard, by King,P]
8. Modes of Existence / E. Nominalism / 1. Nominalism / b. Nominalism about universals
10395 Abelard was an irrealist about virtually everything apart from concrete individuals [Abelard, by King,P]
10396 If 'animal' is wholly present in Socrates and an ass, then 'animal' is rational and irrational [Abelard, by King,P]
8. Modes of Existence / E. Nominalism / 3. Predicate Nominalism
15384 Only words can be 'predicated of many'; the universality is just in its mode of signifying [Abelard, by Panaccio]
9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 6. Identity between Objects
15825 Carneades denied the transitivity of identity [Carneades, by Chisholm]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 3. Types of Necessity
21389 Carneades distinguished logical from causal necessity, when talking of future events [Long on Carneades]
10. Modality / A. Necessity / 4. De re / De dicto modality
8481 The de dicto-de re modality distinction dates back to Abelard [Abelard, by Orenstein]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 2. Sources of Free Will
21671 Voluntary motion is intrinsically within our power, and this power is its cause [Carneades, by Cicero]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 6. Determinism / a. Determinism
21391 Some actions are within our power; determinism needs prior causes for everything - so it is false [Carneades, by Cicero]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 6. Determinism / b. Fate
21674 Even Apollo can only foretell the future when it is naturally necessary [Carneades, by Cicero]
18. Thought / E. Abstraction / 8. Abstractionism Critique
15385 Abelard's problem is the purely singular aspects of things won't account for abstraction [Panaccio on Abelard]
19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 3. Predicates
15383 Nothing external can truly be predicated of an object [Abelard, by Panaccio]
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / i. Self-interest
7398 Carneades said that after a shipwreck a wise man would seize the only plank by force [Carneades, by Tuck]
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 1. Basis of justice
21392 People change laws for advantage; either there is no justice, or it is a form of self-injury [Carneades, by Lactantius]
25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 5. Education / b. Education principles
13304 Learned men gain more in one day than others do in a lifetime [Posidonius]
26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 7. Critique of Kinds
10398 Natural kinds are not special; they are just well-defined resemblance collections [Abelard, by King,P]
27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 1. Nature of Time / d. Time as measure
20820 Time is an interval of motion, or the measure of speed [Posidonius, by Stobaeus]